镉污染对育龄妇女生殖健康的影响

目的 探讨福建省政和县环境镉污染对女性生殖健康的影响。方法 根据环境镉污染检测结果,对镉污染较严重的2个自然村育龄妇女的生殖健康状况作调查,并与非污染区育龄妇女的生殖健康状况作对比。结果 污染区育龄妇女中,未婚女性的月经周期异常率、痛经发生率(分别为19.1％和42.6％)均高于非污染区(分别为5.7％和18.9％);污染区已婚妇女不孕症发生率(6.3％)高于非污染区已婚妇女(1.1％);已婚妇女前两胎妊娠时频发恶心、频发呕吐的发生率,前两胎早产发生率及前两胎死胎死产发生率(分别为44.7％、31.7％、10.27％和4.23％)高于非污染区已婚妇女(分别为26.5％、17.8％、2.85％和1.05％),差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);累积比数模型分析表明:在控制其他因素的影响后,居住在污染区的育龄妇女,其生殖功能受到损害的可能性更大,其相对危险度是居住在非污染区育龄妇女的2.072倍(95％CI:1.526～2.813)。结论 污染区育龄妇女生殖健康的各个方面已受到不同程度的影响。     

Cardiovascular disease prevention in women: A rapidly evolving scenario

The past decade has witnessed a long overdue recognition of the importance of CVD in women, accompanied by an increasing awareness of gender differences in risk factors, natural history, preventive strategies, treatment, and prognosis of CVD. Reflecting the disease burden and the specific aspects of CVD in women, the American Heart Association has developed women-specific evidence-based guidelines and consensus documents for CVD prevention. The most recent update of these guidelines, published in 2011, is a milestone in the field and shows the rapidly evolving scenario of CVD prevention in women. We discuss some novel aspects of the 2011 update. The new guidelines change the focus from evidence-based to effectiveness-based, with consideration of both benefits and harms/costs of preventive interventions. The guidelines also introduce “ideal cardiovascular health” as the lowest category of risk, which implies the need of communitywide preventive, educational and policy initiatives to promote healthy lifestyles in the general population. Furthermore, the guidelines emphasize long-term overall CVD risk rather than short-term coronary risk. We also address several barriers and open questions in the evaluation and implementation of these guidelines, including how to increase the small proportion of women with ideal cardiovascular health; how to increase implementation and compliance with the recommendations; how to provide effectiveness-based recommendations for lifetime prevention goals based on short-term trials; how to obtain the best possible evidence in women; how to identify subgroups of women with different cardiovascular risk profiles or who may require tailored preventive strategies; and how to adapt current guidelines to international settings, particularly to low- and middle-income countries.     

中国人感染H7N9禽流感危险区域预警识别的研究

目的 建立人感染H7N9禽流感发病危险预警模型, 识别禽流感暴发高危险区域并提出预警。方法 收集2013年2月至2014年6月中国地市级人感染H7N9禽流感病例数据及同期地理、气象数据, 通过空间自回归(SAR)模型和广义相加模型(GAM)拟合并量化地理和气象因素对发病的影响, 综合两模型的预测结果建立发病危险预警地图。结果 2014年2月中国人感染H7N9禽流感的实际发病地区全部位于研究构建的发病危险预测区域内;模型预测了疾病的空间移动趋势, 对2014年4、5月北方地区的新发疫情有准确的预警。结论 建立的模型短期预测准确度和精确度较好, 可应用于疫情监测和预警领域, 有助于早期区域预防疫情的流行及暴发。     

High protein intake along with paternal part-time employment is associated with higher body fat mass among girls from South China

Purpose

Protein intake has been suggested to be associated with body composition among western children. Our aim was to determine whether protein intake is associated with body composition among Chinese children and to investigate whether parental socioeconomic status modifies these associations.

Methods

Cross-sectional data were collected from the baseline survey of an ongoing population-based prospective open cohort study conducted in 2013. In this survey, 2039 children in South China were recruited using cluster random sampling. Information of 1704 children (47% girls), aged 7–12 years from three primary schools (42 classes), on diet and anthropometry was included finally. Their daily protein intake was obtained by 3-day 24-h dietary recalls. Skinfold thickness, body height, and weight were measured to calculate percent body fat (%BF), fat mass index (FMI), and fat-free mass index (FFMI). Parental characteristics were collected by questionnaires.

Results

Among girls, protein intake was positively associated with %BF and FMI [estimate (SE) for %BF: 0.007 (0.003), p = 0.04; for FMI: 0.092 (0.002), p = 0.03], adjusted for pubertal stage, breast-feeding, maternal overweight, carbohydrate intake, energy intake, and physical activity level. Furthermore, there was interaction between paternal occupation and the relations of dietary protein with %BF and FMI (p _{for interaction} ≤ 0.04). None of the associations between protein intake and %BF, FMI, or FFMI was found among boys.

Conclusions

Our data indicate that school-aged girls, but not boys, living in South China with higher dietary protein intake might have higher body fat mass, which could be modified by paternal occupation.

     

Résultats fonctionnels et qualité de vie après double promontofixation cœlioscopique pour la cure du prolapsus génital

ObjectiveTo evaluate the feasibility and morbidity of laparoscopic promontofixation in the cure of genital prolapse.Patients and methodFrom March 2001 to January 2009, 101 patients with genital prolapse of grade greater than or equal to 2 (POPQ classification) were operated by laparoscopy. Complications per and postoperative as well as patient satisfaction were assessed. Quality of life was evaluated using the questionnaires Pelvic Floor Distress Inventory (PFDI 20), Pelvic Floor Impact Questionnaire (PISQ 7) and Pelvic Organ Prolaps/Urinary Incontinence Sexual Questionnaire (PISQ 12).ResultsThe mean operative time was 196 min including the time for hysterectomy done in 83% of cases. The peroperative complication rate was 7% including two bladder and one rectal injuries and 4% of laparoconversion. The postoperative complication rate was 16% corresponding to 3/4 of retention of urine. Two pelvic hematomas were observed. The distance complication rate was 3% corresponding to a vaginal erosion, a spondylodiscitis and a case of persistent pelvic pain requiring removal of material. With a mean follow-up of 30.7 months, 81% patients declared themselves satisfied with the intervention. In intention to treat, the satisfaction rate was only 67.3%. A significant improvement in quality of life was observed using the questionnaire PFDI 20 (p < 0.0001), PFIQ 7 (p < 0.0001) et PISQ 12 (p < 0.001).Discussion and conclusionOur results confirm the feasibility of the laparoscopic promontofixation with a quality of life improvement but also highlights the existence of significant morbidity requiring further trials for the choice of surgical approach for the treatment of genital prolapse.